Hepatitis B and C viruses are a global health problem causing acute and chronic infections
that can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These infections are the …

In the past 40 years, liver transplantation has evolved from a high-risk procedure to one that
offers high success rates for reversal of liver dysfunction and excellent patient and graft …

The past three decades have seen liver transplantation becoming a major therapeutic
approach in the management of end-stage liver diseases. This is due to the dramatic …

The liver is an immunoregulatory organ in which a tolerogenic microenvironment mitigates
the relative “strength” of local immune responses. Paradoxically, necro-inflammatory …

Impeccable management of immunosuppression is required to ensure the best longterm
outcomes for liver transplant recipients. This is particularly challenging for children who …

Currently, liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease.
Immunosuppressive agents are required to be taken after the operations, which have …

BACKGROUND AND AIMS As conversion from calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus (SRL), a
mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTOR‐I), has been shown to enhance …

BACKGROUND Immunosuppression has undoubtedly raised the overall positive outcomes
in the post-operative management of solid organ transplantation. However, long-term …

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause significant complications after transplantation,
but recent emerging data suggest that CMV may paradoxically also exert beneficial effects in …

Immunosuppression can be discontinued from selected and stable patients after liver
transplantation resulting in spontaneous operational tolerance (SOT), although the …