Membrane ion channels are the fundamental electrical components in the nervous system.
Recent developments in X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM microscopy have revealed what …

Understanding voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels is significant since they generate
action potential. Nav channels consist of a pore domain (PD) and a voltage sensor domain …

Divalent cation block is observed in various tetrameric ion channels. For blocking, a divalent
cation is thought to bind in the ion pathway of the channel, but such block has not yet been …

High-resolution structures of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) were first obtained from a
prokaryotic ortholog NavAb, which provided important mechanistic insights into Na+ …

Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (Cavs) are indispensable for coupling action potentials
with Ca2+ signaling in living organisms. The structure of Cavs is similar to that of voltage …

The transient receptor potential channel vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is activated by a variety of
endogenous and exogenous stimuli and is involved in nociception and body temperature …

The determination of the atomic structures of voltage-gated bacterial sodium channels using
X-ray crystallography has provided a first view of this family of membrane proteins …

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels play critical roles in propagating action potentials and
otherwise manipulating ionic gradients in excitable cells. These channels open in response …

Voltage-gated sodium channels play an important role in electrical signaling in excitable
cells. In response to changes in membrane potential, they cycle between nonconducting …

Prokaryotic channels play an important role in the structural biology of ion channels. At the
end of the 20 th century, the first structure of a prokaryotic ion channel was revealed …