The blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier are major obstacles in
central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery, since they block most molecules from entering …

The brain is well protected against microbial invasion by cellular barriers, such as the blood-
brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). In addition, cells …

This review, gathered from diverse sources, shows how our microbiome influences health
and ultimately how well we age. Evidence linking oral bacteria to Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a respiratory tract pathogen but can also infect the central
nervous system (CNS). Recently, the link between C. pneumoniae CNS infection and late …

The olfactory mucosa is a component of the nasal airway that mediates the sense of smell.
Recent studies point to an important role for the olfactory mucosa as a barrier to both …

Sinonasal diseases, such as rhinosinusitis, affect up to 12% of individuals each year which
constitutes these diseases as some of the most common medical conditions in the world …

Antibodies against neuronal receptors and synaptic proteins are associated with
autoimmune encephalitides (AE) that produce movement and psychiatric disorders. In order …

Abstract Approximately 20–68% of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients exhibit trauma-
associated olfactory deficits (OD) which can compromise not only the quality of life but also …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that affects 7-10 million
individuals worldwide. A common early symptom of PD is olfactory dysfunction (OD), and …

Sensory capacities like smell, taste, hearing, vision decline with aging, but increasing
evidence show that sensory dysfunctions are one of the early signs diagnosing the …