Due to the present scenario of climate change, plants have to evolve strategies to survive
and perform under a plethora of biotic and abiotic stresses, which restrict plant productivity …

As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to persistently changing stresses and have to be
able to interpret and respond to them. The stresses, drought, salinity, chemicals, cold and …

Plant diseases can drastically abate the crop yields as the degree of disease outbreak is
getting severe around the world. Therefore, plant disease management has always been …

Aphids are amongst the most damaging pests of plants that use their stylets to penetrate the
plant tissue to consume large amounts of phloem sap and thus deprive the plant of …

Phytohormone crosstalk is crucial for plant defenses against pathogens and insects in which
salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) play key roles. These low …

Phytophages breach the integrity of plant tissues to recover nutrients from foliage, seeds,
pollen, nectar, roots, or shoots. While many herbivores cause extensive damage, phloem …

Many aphids are major agricultural pests because of their unparalleled reproductive
capacity and their ability to manipulate host plant physiology. Aphid population growth and …

The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) proteins function
as immune sensors in both plants and animals. NLR proteins recognize, directly or …

Most plant viruses rely on vector organisms for their plant-to-plant spread. Although there
are many different natural vectors, few plant virus–vector systems have been well studied …

Plant-parasitic nematodes engage in prolonged and intimate relationships with their host
plants, often involving complex alterations in host cell morphology and function. It is puzzling …