Biotransformation refers to the metabolic conversion of endogenous and xenobiotic
chemicals into more hydrophilic substances. Xenobiotic biotransformation is accomplished …

Efficient drug delivery systems (DDSs) play a pivotal role in ensuring pharmaceuticals'
targeted and effective administration. However, the intricate interplay between drug …

Milrinone (MRN) is a second-generation bipyridine phosphodiesterase inhibitor that
improves cardiac function and peripheral vasodilation in acute decongested heart failure …

Emtricitabine (ECB), a nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, is commonly used to
prevent and treat HIV infection in both adults and children. The drug is categorized as a …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most challenging problems and is responsible
for millions of deaths every year. We therefore urgently require new chemical entities with …

Emerging evidence suggests that intestinal permeability can be potentially enhanced
through cocrystallization. However, a mechanism for this effect remains to be established. In …

A multi-kinase inhibitor, pazopanib (PAZ) is cocrystallized with cyclooxygenase (COX)
inhibitor fenamic acids to investigate the dissolution rate and inhibition of cell migration in …

Environmental impacts of the industrial revolution necessitate adoption of sustainable
practices in all areas of development. The pharmaceutical industry faces increasing …

According to the BCS classification system, the differentiation of drugs is based on two
essential parameters of solubility and permeability, meaning the latter is as pivotal as the …

The progress and growth of drug discovery and development (DDD) in the past five decades
are reviewed in terms of the changing trends over the years. The importance of the …