Enzyme-Activated Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species from Heterocyclic N-Oxides under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions and Its Relevance to Hypoxia …

X Shen, KS Gates - Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2019 - ACS Publications
Enzymatic one-electron reduction of heterocyclic N-oxides can lead to the intracellular
generation of reactive oxygen species via several different chemical pathways. These …

The extravascular penetration of tirapazamine into tumours: a predictive model of the transport and efficacy of hypoxia specific cytotoxic analogues and the potential …

CW Fong - … Journal of Computational Biology and Drug …, 2017 - inderscienceonline.com
A multiparameter model of the diffusion, antiproliferative assays IC50 and aerobic and
hypoxic clonogenic assays for a wide range of neutral and radical anion forms of …

Ring-selective fragmentation in the tirapazamine molecule upon low-energy electron attachment

E Arthur-Baidoo, J Ameixa, M Ončák… - International Journal of …, 2021 - mdpi.com
We investigate dissociative electron attachment to tirapazamine through a crossed electron–
molecule beam experiment and quantum chemical calculations. After the electron is …

Toward hypoxia-selective DNA-alkylating agents built by grafting nitrogen mustards onto the bioreductively activated, hypoxia-selective DNA-oxidizing agent 3-amino …

KM Johnson, ZD Parsons, CL Barnes… - The Journal of organic …, 2014 - ACS Publications
Tirapazamine (3-amino-1, 2, 4-benzotriazine 1, 4-dioxide) is a heterocyclic di-N-oxide that
undergoes enzymatic deoxygenation selectively in the oxygen-poor (hypoxic) cells found in …

On the reaction mechanism of tirapazamine reduction chemistry: Unimolecular N–OH homolysis, stepwise dehydration, or triazene ring-opening

J Yin, R Glaser, KS Gates - Chemical research in toxicology, 2012 - ACS Publications
The initial steps of the activation of tirapazamine (TPZ, 1, 3-amino-1, 2, 4-benzotriazine 1, 4-
N, N-dioxide) under hypoxic conditions consist of the one-electron reduction of 1 to radical …

Isotopic Labeling Experiments That Elucidate the Mechanism of DNA Strand Cleavage by the Hypoxia-Selective Antitumor Agent 1,2,4-Benzotriazine 1,4-Di-N-oxide

X Shen, A Rajapakse, F Gallazzi… - Chemical research in …, 2014 - ACS Publications
The 1, 2, 4-benzotriazine 1, 4-dioxides are an important class of potential anticancer drugs
that selectively kill the low-oxygen (hypoxic) cells found in solid tumors. These compounds …

Aerobic Cytotoxicity of Aromatic N-Oxides: The Role of NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase (NQO1)

A Nemeikaitė-Čėnienė, J Šarlauskas… - International journal of …, 2020 - mdpi.com
Derivatives of tirapazamine and other heteroaromatic N-oxides (ArN→ O) exhibit
tumoricidal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal activities, which are typically attributed to …

Application of Suzuki–Miyaura and BuchwaldHartwig Cross‐coupling Reactions to the Preparation of Substituted 1,2,4‐Benzotriazine 1‐Oxides Related to the …

U Sarkar, R Hillebrand, KM Johnson… - Journal of …, 2017 - Wiley Online Library
Many 1, 2, 4‐benzotriazine 1, 4‐dioxides display the ability to selectively kill the oxygen‐
poor cells found in solid tumors. As a result, there is a desire for synthetic routes that afford …

Design and synthesis of novel anti-metastatic hypoxic cytotoxin TX-2137 targeting AKT kinase

I Shiba, R Kouzaki, H Yamada, Y Endo… - Anticancer …, 2017 - ar.iiarjournals.org
Background: The hypoxic microenvironment plays a crucial role in the malignant
progression of tumor cells. Moreover, AKT, a serine/threonine kinase, is activated by various …

Electronic Structures and Spin Density Distributions of BrO2 and (HO)2BrO Radicals. Mechanisms for Avoidance of Hypervalency and for Spin Delocalization and …

R Glaser, C Camasta - Inorganic Chemistry, 2013 - ACS Publications
The results are reported of an ab initio study of bromine dioxide BrO2, 1, and of the T-
shaped trans-and cis-dihydroxides 2 and 3 of dihydrogen bromate (HO) 2BrO. The …