Endogenous melatonin is synthesized from tryptophan via 5-hydroxytryptamine. It is
considered an indoleamine from a biochemical point of view because the melatonin …

Abstract α-Lactalbumin is a whey protein that constitutes approximately 22% of the proteins
in human milk and approximately 3.5% of those in bovine milk. Within the mammary gland, α …

In humans, an adaptable internal biological system generates circadian rhythms that
maintain synchronicity of behavior and physiology with the changing demands of the 24-h …

Background: Breastfeeding is considered the most optimal mode of feeding for neonates
and mothers. Human milk changes over the course of lactation in order to perfectly suit the …

Meal timing and composition are frequently reported in the literature as zeitgebers (that is,
time cues) for the circadian system of humans and animal models, albeit secondary to light …

Human milk is a living dynamic fluid that promotes optimal nutrition and development of the
infant and impacts health across the lifespan. This review reports on the diverse range of …

Modulating central serotonergic function by acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) has provided
the fundamental insights into which cognitive functions are influenced by serotonin. It may …

Melatonin is secreted during the night in adults but not in infants. It has a hypnotic effect as
well as a relaxing effect on the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. It is plausible that …

Melatonin and serotonin rhythms, which exhibit a close association with the endogenous
circadian component of sleep, are attenuated with increasing age. This decrease seems to …

Newborns, and especially those delivered preterm, are probably more prone to oxidative
stress than individuals later in life. Also during pregnancy, increased oxygen demand …