I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Introduction: Smoking is now well recognized not only as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis
(RA), but also as a determinant of disease activity, severity, response to therapy, and …

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common diseases of oral mucosa
characterized by recurrent painful ulcers. Although many factors have been implicated in its …

Chronis rhinosinusitis is considered as a widespread public health issue with a prevalence
of 10%. The disease significantly reduces quality of life and increases the risk of …

The prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is poor with disease progression.
Cadmium exposure is a risk factor for NPC. We aimed to investigate the effect of cadmium …

Gene–environment interactions have long been known to play an important role in complex
disease aetiology, such as nasal polyposis (NP). The present study supports the concept …

В настоящее время особое внимание уделяется проблемам микроэлементного
гомеостаза организма, нарушения которого могут сопровождать многие …

Metals have strong toxic effects in humans and can act as immunoregulatory factors. The
purpose of our study was to determine whether the concentrations of metals are associated …

Przewlekłe zapalenie zatok przynosowych (PZZP) jest powszechnie występującą jednostką
chorobową. Dotyczy ludzi dorosłych oraz dzieci, spotykana jest w każdej szerokości …

This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to determine the blood levels of cadmium (B-Cd)
and mercury (B-Hg) and identify the factors influencing heavy metal accumulation in …