Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major
metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to …

The increasing life expectancy of humans has led to a growing numbers of patients with
chronic diseases and end-stage organ failure. Transplantation is an effective approach for …

Zoonomia is the largest comparative genomics resource for mammals produced to date. By
aligning genomes for 240 species, we identify bases that, when mutated, are likely to affect …

The interaction between respiratory pathogens and their hosts is complex and incompletely
understood. This is particularly true when pathogens encounter the mucus layer covering …

Preventing xenograft rejection is one of the greatest challenges of transplantation medicine.
Here, we describe a reproducible, long-term survival of cardiac xenografts from alpha 1-3 …

The transplantation (implantation) of xenograft heart valves into humans has been carried
out for> 50 years. There has been considerable research into making this form of …

Sialic acids (Sias) are abundantly displayed on the surfaces of vertebrate cells, and
particularly on all mucosal surfaces. Sias interact with microbes of many types, and are the …

The immunologic barriers to successful xenotransplantation are related to the presence of
natural anti‐pig antibodies in humans and non‐human primates that bind to antigens …

Secondary bacterial infections enhance the disease burden of influenza infections
substantially. Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) plays a major role in the …

The glycocalyx of human cells differs from that of many other mammals by the lack of the
sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and increased abundance of its precursor N …