Fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution, snake venoms have frightened but also
fascinated humanity and nowadays they constitute potential resources for drug …

Venomics is the integration of proteomic, genomic and transcriptomic approaches to study
venoms. Advances in these approaches have enabled increasingly more comprehensive …

Abstract Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is the main constituent of snake venom. PLA2 enzymes
catalyze the Ca 2+ dependent hydrolysis of 2-acyl ester bonds of 3-sn-phospholipids …

Scorpion venoms have long been studied for their peptide discovery potential, with modern
high-throughput venom-characterization techniques paving the way for the discovery of …

Venom systems are key adaptations that have evolved throughout the tree of life and
typically facilitate predation or defense. Despite venoms being model systems for studying a …

Viperidae snake species is widely abundant and responsible for most envenomation cases
in Turkey. The structural and compositional profiles of snake venom have been investigated …

We report on the variable venom composition of a population of the Caucasus viper (Vipera
kaznakovi) in Northeastern Turkey. We applied a combination of venom gland …

Anuran toxins released from the skin glands are involved in defence against predators and
microorganisms. Secretion from parotoid macroglands of bufonid toads is a rich source of …

Animal secretions are of great interest in terms of drug development due to their complex
protein and peptide composition. Especially, in the field of therapeutic medications such as …

Background Snake venoms are the complex mixtures of different compounds manifesting a
wide array of biological activities. The venoms of kraits (genus Bungarus, family Elapidae) …