Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) have become an important drug class in
the treatment of hypertension and heart failure and the protection from diabetic nephropathy …

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) represent a new class of effective and well tolerated
orally active antihypertensive agents. Recent clinical trials have shown the added benefits of …

Renal failure not only alters the renal elimination, but also the non-renal disposition of drugs
that are extensively metabolized by the liver. Although reduced metabolic enzyme activity in …

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the most powerful regulators of blood pressure
and volume homeostasis in mammals. Its effector peptide angiotensin II (ANG II) is cleaved …

Nonrenal clearance of drugs can be significantly lower in patients with end‐stage renal
disease (ESRD) than in those with normal renal function. Using erythromycin (ER) as a …

Background Aliskiren is an orally active direct renin inhibitor approved for the treatment of
hypertension. This study assessed the effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics …

Background and objectives Levosimendan is a calcium sensitiser developed for the
treatment of congestive heart failure. It increases myocardial contractility, reduces the filling …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognized to cause pharmacokinetic changes in renally
excreted drugs; however, pharmacokinetic changes are also reported for drugs that are …

Ertapenem is a widely used antibiotic; however, its pharmacokinetics has not been fully
evaluated in children with renal impairment. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic …

After oral administration of eprosartan to healthy volunteers, bioavailability is approximately
13%, with peak plasma concentrations occurring 1–2 hours after an oral dose in the fasted …