Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasingly important
cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. We aimed to estimate global …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was traditionally thought to be caused by
tobacco smoking. However, recognition of the importance of non-smoking-related risk …

Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionately high burden of
the global morbidity and mortality caused by chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), including …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with age and smoking, but
other determinants of the disease are incompletely understood. Clonal hematopoiesis of …

Background Although exposure to cigarette smoking and air pollution is common, the
current prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown in the …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are common
diseases with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide. Here, we present methods and …

This Executive Summary of the Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and
Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are common
diseases with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide. Here, we present methods and …

Background Because of the rapid change in economic development and lifestyle in China,
and the ageing population, concerns have grown that chronic obstructive pulmonary …

Background The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) across many
world regions is high. We aim to estimate COPD prevalence and number of disease cases …