SGLT2 inhibitors are antihyperglycemic drugs that protect kidneys and the heart of patients
with or without type 2 diabetes and preserved or reduced kidney function from failing. The …

Kidney size and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) often increase with the onset of diabetes,
and elevated GFR is a risk factor for the development of diabetic kidney disease …

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) consists of two different forms, xanthine dehydrogenase
and xanthine oxidase (XO), and is a rate-limiting enzyme of uric acid production from …

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including empagliflozin, dapagliflozin,
and canagliflozin, are now widely approved antihyperglycemic therapies. Because of their …

Despite current established therapy, heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of
hospitalization and mortality worldwide. Novel therapeutic targets are therefore needed to …

Inhibition of the sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 in the proximal tubule of the kidney
has a broad range of effects on renal function and plasma volume homeostasis, as well as …

Healthy kidneys filter∼ 160 g/day of glucose (∼ 30% of daily energy intake) under
euglycaemic conditions. To prevent valuable energy from being lost in the urine, the …

The aim of this study was to describe the effects of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2
(SGLT2) inhibitors on serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) …

Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis and is a multifactorial disease
typically characterized by hyperuricemia and monosodium urate crystal deposition …

Gout, the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis worldwide, is associated with cardiovascular
and renal diseases, and is an independent predictor of premature death. The frequencies of …