The introduction of high-resolution time lapse imaging and molecular biological tools has
changed dramatically the rate of progress towards the understanding of the complex …

Dendritic spines receive most excitatory connections in pyramidal cells and many other
principal neurons. But why do neurons use spines, when they could accommodate …

Dendritic spines mediate most excitatory neurotransmission in the nervous system, so their
function must be critical for the brain. Spines are biochemical compartments but might also …

Half a century since their discovery by Llinás and colleagues, dendritic spikes have been
observed in various neurons in different brain regions, from the neocortex and cerebellum to …

Laser microscopy has generally poor temporal resolution, because of the serial scanning of
each pixel. This is a significant problem for imaging or optically manipulating neural circuits …

Most excitatory inputs in the mammalian brain are made on dendritic spines, rather than on
dendritic shafts. Spines compartmentalize calcium, and this biochemical isolation can …

The thick-tufted layer 5 (TTL5) pyramidal neuron is one of the most extensively studied
neuron types in the mammalian neocortex and has become a benchmark for understanding …

Most excitatory inputs in the CNS contact dendritic spines, avoiding dendritic shafts, so
spines must play a key role for neurons. Recent data suggest that, in addition to enhancing …

Most neurons are highly polarized cells with branched dendrites that receive and integrate
synaptic inputs and extensive axons that deliver action potential output to distant targets. By …

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy began to emerge as a high-resolution
optical imaging modality in the late 1990s, about 10 years after two-photon excited …