How animal body plans evolved and diversified is a major question in evolutionary
developmental biology. To address this question, it is important to characterize the exact …

BMP signaling has a conserved function in patterning the dorsal-ventral body axis in
Bilateria and the directive axis in anthozoan cnidarians. So far, cnidarian studies have …

Background Wnt signaling pathways play crucial roles in animal development. They
establish embryonic axes, specify cell fates, and regulate tissue morphogenesis from the …

Cnidaria are typically considered diploblastic (ie consisting of two germ layers) in contrast to
their triploblastic sister clade, the Bilateria. However, a recent study suggested that sea …

Endomesoderm specification based on a maternal β-catenin signal and axial patterning by
interpreting a gradient of zygotic Wnt/β-catenin signalling was suggested to predate the split …

The freshwater cnidarian Hydra possess remarkable regeneration abilities, being capable of
whole-body regeneration. The simple anatomy of a Hydra polyp is comprised by one axis …