The binding of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on the surface of T cells and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-
L1) on tumor cells can prevent the immune-killing effect of T cells on tumor cells and …

Abstract Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blockade have achieved some efficacy but
only in a fraction of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Programmed cell death 1 …

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death
protein 1 (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) have shown a moderate …

Tumor recurrence remains the major cause of management failure after surgical resection of
glioblastoma (GBM). Immunotherapy has the potential to effectively eradicate tumors and …

Background Surgical resection of early stage hepatocellular carcinoma is standard clinical
practice; however, most tumours recur despite surgery, and no perioperative intervention …

Gliomas are a primary types of intracranial malignancies and are characterized by a poor
prognosis due to aggressive recurrence profiles. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an auxiliary …

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint protein frequently
expressed in human cancers that contributes to immune evasion through its binding to PD-1 …

Nanomedicine delivery systems combined with photodynamic therapy, improve targeted
cancer enrichment, reduce side effects, and enhance anticancer efficacy. Additionally …

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy targeting programmed cell death 1
(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) shows promising clinical benefits. However …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors provide promising benefits for patients with cancer. However,
efficacy has been encumbered by high resistance rates. It is critical to understand the basic …