The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has emerged as one of the regions most consistently impaired in
major depressive disorder (MDD). Although functional and structural PFC abnormalities …

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is involved in the pathophysiology of many
neuropsychiatric disorders. Increased HPA axis activity can be observed during chronic …

Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant
mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key …

Stress is a primary risk factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence from
preclinical models and clinical studies of depression have revealed an array of structural …

The orbitofrontal cortex in primates including humans is the key brain area in emotion, and
in the representation of reward value and in non-reward, that is not obtaining an expected …

Depression represents a global mental health concern, and disproportionally affects women
as they are twice more likely to be diagnosed than men. In this review, we provide a …

Volumetric reductions in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are among
the most well-documented neural abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Synaptic loss and deficits in functional connectivity are hypothesized to contribute to
symptoms associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress …

Depression is the leading cause of disability around the world, but little is known about its
pathology. Currently, the diagnosis of depression is made based on clinical manifestations …

The pattern of structural brain alterations associated with major depressive disorder (MDD)
remains unresolved. This is in part due to small sample sizes of neuroimaging studies …