Phosphorylation is an essential process in biological events and is considered critical for
biological functions. In tissues, protein phosphorylation mainly occurs on tyrosine (Tyr) …

There are many misconceptions surrounding the roles of protein phosphatases in the
regulation of signal transduction, perhaps the most damaging of which is the erroneous view …

▪ Abstract Eukaryotic protein phosphatases are structurally and functionally diverse enzymes
that are represented by three distinct gene families. Two of these, the PPP and PPM families …

Src and Src-family protein-tyrosine kinases are regulatory proteins that play key roles in cell
differentiation, motility, proliferation, and survival. The initially described phosphorylation …

The concerted activities of kinases and phosphatases modulate the phosphorylation levels
of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates in eukaryotic cells. Despite considerable effort, we are …

The crystal structures of a cysteine-215→ serine mutant of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
complexed with high-affinity peptide substrates corresponding to an autophosphorylation …

We have developed a mathematical theory that describes the regulation of signaling
pathways as a function of a limited number of key parameters. Our analysis includes linear …

The phosphate moiety (PO4-2) is the common structural motif of a wide range of natural
phosphorus-based biologically active compounds, which play important roles as metabolic …

The structure of the catalytically inactive mutant (C215S) of the human protein-tyrosine
phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been solved to high resolution in two complexes. In the first …

When bound by extracellular ligands, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) on the cell surface
transmit critical signals to the cell interior. Although signal termination is less well …