Due to the inherent rigidity of hard materials, the adaptability and flexibility of traditional
robots are limited. Recently, soft robots became one of the most attractive areas. The …

The area of artificial muscle is a highly interdisciplinary field of research that has evolved
rapidly in the last 30 years. Recent advances in nanomaterial fabrication and …

Abstract Machines are systems that harness input power to extend or advance function.
Fundamentally, machines are based on the integration of materials with mechanisms to …

Bilayer hydrogel-based actuators have attracted much interest because inhomogeneous
structures are easily constructed in hydrogels. We used three kinds of polysaccharides …

Featured Application The main application area of dielectric elastomers is soft robotics as
muscle-like actuators. Abstract This paper reviews state-of-the-art dielectric elastomer …

Conventional industrial robots with the rigid actuation technology have made great progress
for humans in the fields of automation assembly and manufacturing. With an increasing …

Soft actuators have received intensive attention in the fields of soft robots, sensors,
intelligent control, artificial intelligence, and visual intelligence. By combination of tensile …

Soft crawling robots have attracted great attention due to their anticipated effective
interactions with humans and uncertain environments, as well as their potential capabilities …

Soft manipulator is a kind of special manipulator that uses soft material or flexible structure to
perform manipulation task under the specific drive mode inspired by the soft tissue. It is …

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are soft electromechanical devices that exhibit large
energy densities and fast actuation rates. They are typically produced by planar methods …