Self-assembling protein nanoparticles are used as a novel vaccine design platform to
improve the stability and immunogenicity of safe subunit vaccines, while providing broader …

Lymphocystis disease (LCD) is a self-limiting viral disease characterized by hypertrophy of
fibroblastic cells in connective tissues of fishes. Upon presentation of a clinical case in …

Abstract Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) is the causative agent of carp pox characterized
by epidermal papillomas in common carp and other cyprinids. In this study, we identified …

Carp edema virus (CEV), a member of the family Poxviridae, is the etiologic agent of carp
edema virus disease, also known as the koi sleepy disease (KSD). The disease is important …

Cyprinid herpes virus 3 (CyHV-3) is a significant threat to the production of common carp
and koi, resulting in high mortality rates and posing a risk to the long-term sustainability of …

Cyprinids are popular species for aquaculture worldwide, with Asia being a significant
contributor to their production. In Korea, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), koi carp (Cyprinus …

Background Infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is known as one of the most
contagious systemic viral diseases in salmonids which can lead to significant mortality rates …

Viral infections in animals continue to pose a significant challenge, affecting livestock health,
welfare, and food safety, and, in the case of zoonotic viruses, threatening global public …

In open farming systems, fish losses are unfortunate daily finding, hence a simple, safe and
highly adaptable method is needed to manage dead fish. The aim of this study was to …

This review describes the current state of research on carp microbial communities. This
includes research on bacteria, microalgae and viruses in carp polyculture, as well as the …