Cellular metabolism is at the foundation of all biological activities. The catabolic processes
that support cellular bioenergetics and survival have been well studied. By contrast, how …

Recent identification of oncogenic cells within healthy tissues and the prevalence of indolent
cancers found incidentally at autopsies reveal a greater complexity in tumor initiation than …

Tumors are like new organs and are made of multiple cell types and components. The tumor
competes with the normal microenvironment to overcome antitumorigenic pressures. Before …

Ten years ago, Hanahan and Weinberg delineated six “Hallmarks of cancer” which
summarize several decades of intense cancer research. However, tumor cells do not act in …

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is one of the most crucial components of the tumor
microenvironment which promotes the growth and invasion of cancer cells by various …

At least partial answers to these questions are now available. There are well-established
methods of identifying mutations, and there are known founder mutations that simplify testing …

Simple Summary Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important contributory role in
the microenvironment of tumors. They originate from different cells, have multiple pro-and …

The microenvironment influences gene expression so that the behavior of a cell is largely
determined by its interactions with the extracellular matrix, neighboring cells, and soluble …

The emergence of clinical drug resistance is still one of the most challenging factors in
cancer treatment effectiveness. Until more recently, the assumption has been that random …

In the past 25 years, a majority of cancer studies have focused on examining functional
consequences of activating and/or inactivating mutations in critical genes implicated in cell …