Natural and anthropogenic causes are continually growing sources of metals in the
ecosystem; hence, heavy metal (HM) accumulation has become a primary environmental …

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one
important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by …

Cadmium (Cd) contamination has posed an increasing challenge to environmental quality
and food security. In recent years, phytoremediation has been particularly scrutinized …

Since the emergence of phytoremediation, much research has focused on its development
for (i) the removal of metals from soil and/or (ii) the reduction of metal bioavailability, mobility …

This article reviews the responses of plant roots to elevated rhizosphere cadmium (Cd)
concentrations. Cadmium enters plants from the soil solution. It traverses the root through …

Zinc (Zn) is an essential component of thousands of proteins in plants, although it is toxic in
excess. In this review, the dominant fluxes of Zn in the soil–root–shoot continuum are …

Metal hyperaccumulator plants accumulate and detoxify extraordinarily high concentrations
of metal ions in their shoots. Metal hyperaccumulation is a fascinating phenomenon, which …

The use of higher plants to remediate contaminated land is known as phytoremediation, a
term coined 15 years ago. Among green technologies addressed to metal pollution …

The removal of inorganic contaminants by plants is termed phytoextraction. Recent studies
have looked at the feasibility of phytoextraction, and demonstrate that both good biomass …

Environmental pollution affects the quality of pedosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere,
lithosphere and biosphere. Great efforts have been made in the last two decades to reduce …