Understanding nephron loss is a primary strategy for preventing CKD progression. Death of
renal tubular cells may occur by apoptosis during developmental and regenerative …

The insect fat body is analogous to vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. In this review, the
new and exciting advancements made in fat body biology in the last decade are …

The human genome encodes approximately 20,000 proteins, many still uncharacterised. It
has become clear that scientific research tends to focus on well-studied proteins, leading to …

Clearance of cellular debris is required to maintain the homeostasis of multicellular
organisms. It is intrinsic to processes such as tissue growth and remodeling, regeneration …

It is evident that components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) act as danger-associated
molecular patterns (DAMPs) through direct interactions with pattern recognition receptors …

Host responses to infection encompass many processes in addition to activation of the
immune system, including metabolic adaptations, stress responses, tissue repair, and other …

T lymphocyte recruitment and infiltration promises to suppress the most devastating
metastatic tumors for immunotherapy. However, the immune privilege and low vaccine …

Microbial or endogenous molecular patterns as well as pathogen functional features can
activate innate immune systems. Whereas detection of infection by pattern recognition …

Memory and specificity are hallmarks of the adaptive immune system. Contrary to prior
belief, innate immune systems can also provide forms of immune memory, such as immune …

Epithelia are exposed to diverse types of stress and damage from pathogens and the
environment, and respond by regenerating. Yet, the proximal mechanisms that sense …