Pesticides are important chemicals or biological agents that deter or kill pests. The use of
pesticides has continued to increase as it is still considered the most effective method to …

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) acting as the
first line of defense in the brain by phagocytosing harmful pathogens and cellular debris …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized
by the death of dopaminergic neurons that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta …

Oxidative stress (OS) has the ability to damage different molecules and cellular structures,
altering the correct function of organs and systems. OS accumulates in the body by …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-sized, lipid membrane–enclosed vesicles
secreted by most, if not all, cells and contain lipids, proteins, and various nucleic acid …

The world's population aging progression renders age‐related neurodegenerative diseases
to be one of the biggest unsolved problems of modern society. Despite the progress in …

Exosomes are small intracellular membrane-based vesicles with different compositions that
are involved in several biological and pathological processes. The exploitation of exosomes …

For a number of years, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases
(NOX) was synonymous with NOX2/gp91phox and was considered to be a peculiarity of …

Exosomes are naturally occurring nanosized vesicles that have attracted considerable
attention as drug delivery vehicles in the past few years. Exosomes are comprised of natural …

One of the most striking hallmarks shared by various neurodegenerative diseases, including
Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is …