We propose a practical concept that distinguishes the particular kind of weaponry that has
evolved to be used in combat between individuals of the same species and sex, which we …

Abstract 'Bizarre structures' in dinosaurs have four main traditional explanations: mechanical
function, sexual selection, social selection and species recognition. Any of these can be …

Cranial ornamentation is widespread throughout the extinct non-avialian Ornithodira, being
present throughout Pterosauria, Ornithischia and Saurischia. Ornaments take many forms …

The horned dinosaur Pachyhinosaurus possesses rugose bony bosses across the skull roof
in lieu of the projecting bony horn cores seen in most ceratopsians. This elaboration of …

Background The horns and frill of Triceratops and other ceratopsids (horned dinosaurs) are
interpreted variously as display structures or as weapons against conspecifics and …

The discovery of the smallest Triceratops skull (UCMP 154452) provides a new ontogenetic
end member for the earliest stage of ceratopsid (Centrosaurinae plus Chasmosaurinae) …

Biomechanics has made large contributions to dinosaur biology. It has enabled us to
estimate both the speeds at which dinosaurs generally moved and the maximum speeds of …

Ceratopsid (horned) dinosaurs are an iconic group of large-bodied, quadrupedal,
herbivorous dinosaurs that evolved in the Late Cretaceous and were largely restricted to …

Ceratopsian dinosaurs arguably show some of the most extravagant external cranial
morphology across all Dinosauria. For over a century, ceratopsian dinosaurs have inspired …

In 1916, a centrosaurine dinosaur bonebed was excavated within the Campanian-aged
deposits of what is now Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. Specimens from this …