Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) plays an indispensible role in embryo implantation.
Aberrant LIF production is linked to implantation failure. LIF regulates multiple processes …

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from mammalian embryos during the transition
from totipotency, when individual blastomeres can make all lineages, to pluripotency, when …

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cell lines that can be maintained indefinitely in
an early developmental state. ESC culture conditions almost always require the cytokine LIF …

Natural killer cells (NK cells) represent a group of lymphocytes of innate immunity. In
addition to NK cells of peripheral blood, tissue-resident populations are described. NK cells …

The placenta forms the interface between the maternal and fetal circulation and is critical for
the establishment of a healthy pregnancy. Specialized trophoblast cells derived from the …

Trophoblast cell migration and invasion are crucial for the establishment of a successful
pregnancy. Protein O-fucosyltransferases, such as poFUT1 and poFUT2, catalyze the O …

Trophoblast proliferation and invasion are controlled by cytokines and growth factors
present at the implantation site. Members of the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines trigger …

From the earliest stages of gestation, embryonic–maternal interaction has a key role in a
successful pregnancy. Various factors present during gestation may significantly influence …

Deviations from the normal program of gene expression during early pregnancy can lead to
early embryonic loss as well as dysfunctional placentation, which can cause significant …

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related syndrome which can cause perinatal mortality and
morbidity. Inadequate invasion by trophoblast cells may lead to poor perfusion of the …