Carotenoids are natural isoprenoid pigments that provide leaves, fruits, vegetables and
flowers with distinctive yellow, orange and some reddish colours as well as several aromas …

In recent years many advances have been made to obtain insight into chloroplast
biogenesis and development. In plants several plastids types exist such as the proplastid …

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) frequently suffers in late spring from severe damage due to cold
spells, which causes the block of chlorophyll biosynthesis during early rice seedling …

Chromoplasts are special organelles that possess superior ability to synthesize and store
massive amounts of carotenoids. They are responsible for the distinctive colors found in …

Color mutation is a common, easily identifiable phenomenon in higher plants. Color
mutations usually affect the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, resulting in poor growth and …

Communication between cellular compartments is vital for development and environmental
adaptation. Signals emanating from organelles, so-called retrograde signals, coordinate …

The plastid transcription machinery can be biochemically purified at different organisational
levels as soluble RNA polymerase, transcriptionally active chromosome, or nucleoid. Recent …

Plastids are a group of essential, heterogenous semi-autonomous organelles characteristic
of plants that perform photosynthesis and a diversity of metabolic pathways that impact …

Intracellular signaling from plastids to the nucleus, called retrograde signaling, coordinates
the expression of nuclear and plastid genes and is essential for plastid biogenesis and for …

To optimize fitness, plants must efficiently allocate their resources between growth and
defense. Although phytohormone crosstalk has emerged as a major player in balancing …