Hemodynamic assessment is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of
cardiovascular disease. Four-dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow imaging …

Pulsatile blood flow through the cavities of the heart and great vessels is time-varying and
multidirectional. Access to all regions, phases and directions of cardiovascular flows has …

Traditionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of flow using phase contrast (PC) methods
is accomplished using methods that resolve single‐directional flow in two spatial …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important tool for the clinical evaluation
of patients with cardiovascular disease. Since its introduction in the late 1980s, 2 …

Background Phase contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is able to measure
all three directional components of the velocities of blood flow relative to the three spatial …

In-plane phase-contrast (PC) imaging is now a routine component of MRI of regional blood
flow in the heart and great vessels. In-plane PC MRI provides a volumetric, isotropic, time …

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phase contrast imaging has undergone a wide
range of changes with the development and availability of improved calibration procedures …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading single cause of morbidity and mortality,
causing over 17. 9 million deaths worldwide per year with associated costs of over $800 …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide non-invasive and non-ionising
methods for the highly accurate anatomical depiction of the heart and vessels throughout the …

Purpose: To systematically investigate the scan–rescan reproducibility and observer
variability of flow‐sensitive four‐dimensional (4D) MRI in the aorta for the assessment of …