A high prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) and a high incidence of cardiovascular
events are two key complications of chronic kidney disease. Since most observational …

The objective of the present review was to summarize the molecular mechanisms
associated with the effects of the vitamins A, C, E and K, and group B vitamins on bone and …

At the early stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the systemic mineral metabolism and
bone composition start to change. This alteration is known as chronic kidney disease …

Background: Vascular calcification (VC), in which vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)
undergo a phenotypic transformation into osteoblast-like cells, is one of the emergent risk …

The present study investigates the differential effect of two vitamin D receptor agonists,
calcitriol and paricalcitol, on human aortic smooth muscle cells calcification in vitro. Human …

Rat aorta assay provides a low cost and rapid platform, especially for preclinical in vivo
models. The signaling pathways of the analog on the vessels could be evaluated separately …

Aims: Vascular calcification is a risk factor for causing cardiovascular events and has a high
prevalence among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, the molecular …

Patients with CKD have accelerated vascular stiffening contributing significantly to excess
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Much of the arterial stiffening is thought to involve …

Background and aims High phosphate-induced vascular calcification (VC) and iron
deficiency-induced anemia are two major contributors of cardiovascular morbidity and …

Vascular calcification is common in patients with peripheral artery diseases and coronary
artery diseases. The osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) …