Over the last 50 years, the concept of stress has evolved significantly, and our
understanding of the underlying neurobiology has expanded dramatically. Rather than …

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the archetypal polypeptide precursor of hormones and
neuropeptides. In this review, we examine the variability in the individual peptides produced …

The nucleotide sequence of a 1,091-base pair cloned cDNA insert encoding bovine
corticotropin-β-lipotropin precursor mRNA is reported. The corresponding amino acid …

Adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-, β-, and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormones,
collectively called melanocortin peptides, exert multiple effects upon the host. These effects …

Introduction More than 20 yr ago, in an elegant series of pulsechase studies, Steiner and
Oyer (1) demonstrated that insulin is synthesized in pancreatic islet cells as part of a larger …

We have cloned and sequenced a gene (M&x) coding for a-factor, a tridecapeptide mating
factor secreted by yeast a! cells. A plasmid carrying the MFcw gene was identified by …

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and α-, β-, and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-
, β-, γ-MSH), collectively known as melanocortins, together with their receptors (melanocortin …

Several lines of evidence suggest that the endogenous opioid peptides endorphins may
play a role in the defensive response of the organism to stress. The present paper …

The nucleotide sequence of a complete cDNA copy of enkephalin precursor mRNA from
human phaeochromocytoma is reported. The corresponding amino acid sequence shows …

Six well-trained endurance athletes were studied to determine if submaximal treadmill
exercise results in increased plasma levels of beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin (Bh-Ep/Bh …