Background Antisperm antibodies (ASA) in males cause the autoimmune disease 'immune
infertility'. The mechanism of ASA cause male infertility is not clear. Present studies have …

Objective: To critically review the English-language literature and describe the current
diagnosis, prevalence, etiology, and treatment of antisperm antibodies (ASA). Design: A …

The notion of a gamete recognition system that alerts females to the presence of gametes in
their reproductive tract profoundly influences our understanding of the physiology of events …

Sperm of humans, non-human primates, and other mammalian subjects is considered to be
antigenic. The effect of changes in autoimmunity on reproductive cells such as spermatozoa …

Sperm have been known to be antigenic for more than a century. There is a strong body of
evidence that in humans and in other species at least some antibodies that bind to sperm …

OBJECTIVE: To review and critique the current English literature describing the effects of
antisperm antibodies (ASA) on mammalian fertility. DESIGN: A comprehensive English …

Immune infertility occurs due to the presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA). This type of
infertility has a relatively low prevalence (2.6–6.6% in infertile men), and its etiology, risk …

Immunoinfertility because of antisperm antibodies (ASA) is an important cause of infertility in
humans. The incidence of ASA in infertile couples is 9–36% depending on the reporting …

BACKGROUND Several studies have examined the relationship between direct antisperm
antibody (ASA) levels in semen and pregnancy rate after advanced assisted reproductive …

Objective To evaluate the relation between antisperm antibodies (ASA) and human fertility
by reviewing the scientific literature of the last 45 years. Methods We carried out a review of …