While the acute sensation of pain is protective, signaling the presence of actual or potential
bodily harm, its persistence is unpleasant. When pain becomes chronic, it has limited …

Abstract Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an invaluable treatment
option for neuropsychiatric disorders. Co-occurring recreational and nonmedical substance …

Repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to produce an analgesic effect
and therefore has a potential for treating chronic refractory pain. However, previous studies …

Tramadol is a synthetic analogue of codeine that is often prescribed for the treatment of mild
to moderate pains. It has a number of side effects including emotional instability and anxiety …

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows potential
therapeutic effects for individuals with addiction, but few studies have examined individuals …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique used to treat different neurological
disorders non-invasively. A pulsed current to a coil generates a magnetic field (B-field) …

Tardive syndromes (TDS) typically manifest 3 months or later after exposure to antipsychotic
drugs, and unfortunately have no satisfactory medical treatment. We explored the possibility …

Background Arterial hypertension, cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol abuse and drug
addiction such as cocaine all are known risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid …

Objectives It has recently been suggested that drug-induced tardive syndromes (TS) might
be due to maladaptive plasticity, which increases motor excitability in cerebral cortex and …

In Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, rapid electromagnetic fields (EM) are applied to the
brain. The fundamental effects of TMS are poorly understood so we need smaller coils to …