Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes
of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the …

Genetic studies in animals and humans indicate that gene mutations that functionally perturb
transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling are linked to specific hereditary vascular …

Interactions between endothelial cells and mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth
muscle cells) in the blood vessel wall have recently come into focus as central processes in …

Epithelial and hematopoietic cells have a high turnover and their progenitor cells divide
continuously, making them prime targets for genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to cell …

Howard Hughes Medical Institute Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center process are now
understood. Adjacent to the kinase domain of the type I receptors is a conserved 30 amino …

Human pathologies such as vascular malformations, hemorrhagic stroke, and edema have
been associated with defects in the organization of endothelial cell junctions. Understanding …

Aortic aneurysm is common, accounting for 1–2% of all deaths in industrialized countries.
Early theories of the causes of human aneurysm mostly focused on inherited or acquired …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling pathways are ubiquitous and
essential regulators of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, migration …

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, affects
approximately 1 in 5000 people. The abnormal vascular structures in HHT result from …

Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 is a potent growth inhibitor, with tumor-suppressing
activity. Cancers are often refractile to this growth inhibition either because of genetic loss of …