This paper provides a review of recent advances in our understanding of gravity wave
saturation in the middle atmosphere. A brief discussion of those studies leading to the …

An overview of the parametrization of gravity‐wave drag in numerical‐weather prediction
and climate simulation models is presented. The focus is primarily on understanding the …

Abstract On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai eruption injected SO2 and
H2O into the middle stratosphere. The eruption produced a persistent mid‐stratospheric …

The zonal mean solstice circulation of the global middle atmosphere is simulated using a
semi-spectral numerical model. Radiative heating and cooling is computed by the algorithm …

A slight modification of the parameterization suggested by Lindzen (1981) for the zonal drag
and eddy diffusion effects generated by breaking internal gravity waves in the mesosphere …

The influence of breaking gravity waves on the dynamics and chemical composition of the
60‐to 110‐km region has been investigated with a two‐dimensional dynamical/chemical …

Winter stratospheric warming observations and associated theories are reviewed.
Historically, major warmings occur on the average every other year and may thus be …

A two‐dimensional photochemical model which treated the troposphere and stratosphere
has been extended to include the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The model is …

Advances in the theory of atmospheric tides since the monograph by Chapman and Lindzen
(1970) are comprehensively reviewed. Major developments include investigations of the …

This tutorial paper discusses the problem of parameterizing unresolved gravity waves in
general circulation models (GCMs) of the middle atmosphere. For readers who are …