The last ten years of attention research have witnessed a revolution, replacing a theoretical
dichotomy (top-down vs. bottom-up control) with a trichotomy (biased by current goals …

In natural behaviour, animals actively interrogate their environments using endogenously
generated 'question-and-answer'strategies. However, in laboratory settings participants …

Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and
emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …

Visual attention enables us to selectively prioritize or suppress information in the
environment. Prominent models concerned with the control of visual attention differentiate …

This chapter studies the bidirectional causal interactions between curiosity and learning and
discusses how understanding these interactions can be leveraged in educational …

Intelligent animals devote much time and energy to exploring and obtaining information, but
the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We review recent developments on this …

There is growing consensus that reward plays an important role in the control of attention.
Until recently, reward was thought to influence attention indirectly by modulating task …

Prominent models of attentional control assert a dichotomy between top-down and bottom-
up control, with the former determined by current selection goals and the latter determined …

Human perceptual decisions are often described as optimal. Critics of this view have argued
that claims of optimality are overly flexible and lack explanatory power. Meanwhile …

Attention selects which aspects of sensory input are brought to awareness. To promote
survival and well-being, attention prioritizes stimuli both voluntarily, according to context …