Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is used with carbon-fiber microelectrodes for the real-
time detection of neurotransmitters on the subsecond time scale. With FSCV, the potential is …

Relief from pain in humans is rewarding and pleasurable. Primary rewards, or reward-
predictive cues, are encoded in brain reward/motivational circuits. While considerable …

The precise regulation of synaptic dopamine (DA) content by the DA transporter (DAT)
ensures the phasic nature of the DA signal, which underlies the ability of DA to encode …

Chemical signaling through the release of neurotransmitters into the extracellular space is
the primary means of communication between neurons. More than four decades ago, Ralph …

The real-time monitoring of neurochemical release in vivo plays a critical role in
understanding the biochemical process of the complex nervous system. Current …

Our brain is an intricate neuromodulatory network, and various neurochemicals, including
neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, gases, ions, and energy metabolites, play important …

Neural electrodes are primary functional elements of neuroelectronic devices designed to
record neural activity based on electrochemical signals. These electrodes may also be …

It is extremely challenging to chemically diagnose disorders of the brain. There is hence
great interest in designing and optimizing tools for direct detection of chemical biomarkers …

How do we understand neuronal signaling in the brain, how neurons control behavior, or
how signaling malfunctions during disease? Neuroscientists might take two approaches …

For over two decades, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) has served as a reliable
analytical method for monitoring dopamine release in near real-time in vivo. However …