Vaccines represent the single most cost-efficient and equitable way to combat and eradicate
infectious diseases. While traditional licensed vaccines consist of either …

Abstract Safety tested Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is licensed as third-generation
vaccine against smallpox and serves as a potent vector system for development of new …

This review provides a detailed look at the attributes and immunologic mechanisms of
plasmid DNA vaccines and their utility as laboratory tools as well as potential human …

Recent developments in the use of viruses as vaccine vectors have been facilitated by a
better understanding of viral biology. Advances occur as we gain greater insight into the …

Abstract Development and Phase 3 testing of the most advanced malaria vaccine, RTS,
S/AS01, indicates that malaria vaccine R&D is moving into a new phase. Field trials of …

Background. Influenza A viruses cause occasional pandemics and frequent epidemics.
Licensed influenza vaccines that induce high antibody titers to the highly polymorphic viral …

The timelines for developing vaccines against infectious diseases are lengthy, and often
vaccines that reach the stage of large phase 3 field trials fail to provide the desired level of …

Early data emerging from the first phase 3 trial of a malaria vaccine are raising hopes that a
licensed vaccine will soon be available for use in endemic countries, but given the relatively …

A prophylactic vaccine for HIV-1 is badly needed. Despite 20 years of effort, it is still a long
way off. However, considerable progress has been made in understanding the problem. The …

The difficulty of inducing protective immunity through antibodies against sporozoites led to
efforts to assess vectored vaccines as a means of inducing protective T cell immunity against …