Light has profoundly influenced the evolution of life on earth. As widely appreciated, light
enables us to generate images of our environment. However, light—through intrinsically …

Light exerts a wide range of effects on mammalian physiology and behavior. As well as
synchronizing circadian rhythms to the external environment, light has been shown to …

Daily rhythms in behavior and physiology are programmed by a hierarchical collection of
biological clocks located throughout the brain and body, known as the circadian system …

Many behavioral and electrophysiological studies in animals and humans have suggested
that sleep and circadian rhythms influence memory consolidation. In rodents, hippocampus …

There is evidence that stress-induced disruption of the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion,
has negative consequences for brain health. The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is the …

Modulation of basic biochemical and physiological processes by the circadian timing system
is now recognized as a fundamental feature of all mammalian organ systems. Within the …

There has been considerable progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that
contribute to memory formation and the generation of circadian rhythms. However, it is not …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
signal transduction pathways have critical roles in the consolidation of hippocampus …

Plasticity in the brain is important for learning and memory, and allows us to respond to
changes in the environment. Furthermore, long periods of stress can lead to structural and …

This review consolidates research employing human correlational and experimental work
across brain and body with experimental animal models to provide a more complete …