Perception and perceptual decision-making are strongly facilitated by prior knowledge about
the probabilistic structure of the world. While the computational benefits of using prior …

According to the grounded perspective, cognition emerges from the interaction of classic
cognitive processes with the modalities, the body, and the environment. Rather than being …

How is it that thoroughly physical material beings such as ourselves can think, dream, feel,
create and understand ideas, theories and concepts? How does mere matter give rise to all …

A new theory is taking hold in neuroscience. It is the theory that the brain is essentially a
hypothesis-testing mechanism, one that attempts to minimise the error of its predictions …

Sensory signals are highly structured in both space and time. These structural regularities in
visual information allow expectations to form about future stimulation, thereby facilitating …

Animals sense the environment through pathways that link sensory organs to the brain. In
the visual system, these feedforward pathways define the classical feedforward receptive …

Prior expectations about the visual world facilitate perception by allowing us to quickly
deduce plausible interpretations from noisy and ambiguous data. The neural mechanisms of …

Neuronal cortical circuitry comprises feedforward, lateral, and feedback projections, each of
which terminates in distinct cortical layers [1–3]. In sensory systems, feedforward processing …

Brains, it has recently been argued, are essentially prediction machines. They are bundles
of cells that support perception and action by constantly attempting to match incoming …

Feedforward neural networks provide the dominant model of how the brain performs visual
object recognition. However, these networks lack the lateral and feedback connections, and …