Bilevel optimization problems (BLOPs) are characterized by an interactive hierarchical
structure, where the upper level seeks to optimize its strategy while simultaneously …

Since fog nodes are resource-constrained and imperfectly trusted heterogeneous devices,
guaranteeing a real-time response to Internet of Things (IoT) tasks while optimizing system …

Bilevel metaheuristics have been widely used for bilevel optimization. However, recent
studies have indicated that most bilevel metaheuristics are inefficient since they perform the …

As the centralized unit (CU)—distributed unit (DU) separation in the fifth generation mobile
network (5G), the multi-slice and multi-scenario, can be better applied in wireless …

In the mobile edge computing system subject to wireless interference, the Edge Server
Provider (ESP) aims to offer profitable computing resources to Device Managers (DMs), who …

In mobile edge computing (MEC), task offloading can significantly reduce task execution
latency and energy consumption of end user (EU). However, edge server (ES) resources are …

Despite the inherent stability of Quadratic Approximation based Jaya (JaQA) in solving
constrained optimization problems, its effectiveness in exploring the search space is limited …

This article studies a multiagile earth observation satellite system, in which a group of
satellites provides observation services to acquire images of targets on the earth's surface …

The rapid expansion of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is driven by the growing demand for
resource-intensive applications within the Internet of Things. Computation offloading allows …

The purpose of this study was to develop an evolutionary algorithm (EA) with bilevel
surrogate modeling, called BL-SAEA, for tackling bilevel optimization problems (BLOPs), in …