Although glutamate is usually thought of as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in brain, it
is important to note that glutamate has many other fates in brain, including oxidation for …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant of the primary adult brain
cancers. Ultrastructural and biochemical evidence shows that GBM cells exhibit …

The citric acid cycle forms a major metabolic hub and as such it is involved in many disease
states involving energetic imbalance. In spite of the fact that it is being branded as a “cycle” …

In islet β-cells and INS-1 cells both the high activity of malic enzyme and the correlation of
insulin secretion rates with pyruvate carboxylase (PC) flux suggest that a pyruvate-malate …

Cerebral function is associated with exceptionally high metabolic activity, and requires
continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream. Since the mid-twentieth …

The glutamine–glutamate/GABA cycle is an astrocytic-neuronal pathway transferring
precursors for transmitter glutamate and GABA from astrocytes to neurons. In addition, the …

Astrocytes take up glutamate in the synaptic area subsequent to glutamatergic transmission
by the aid of high affinity glutamate transporters. Glutamate is converted to glutamine or …

Glial metabolism and their metabolic trafficking with neurons are essential parts of neuronal
function, as they modulate, by this means, neuronal activity. Ex vivo and in vitro 13C‐NMR …

Metabolomics, a technique that profiles global small molecules in biological samples, has
been a pivotal tool for disease diagnosis and mechanism research. The sample type in …

Metabolomics and lipidomics generally targets a huge number of intermediate and end
products of cellular metabolism in body fluids, tissues, and cells etc. At present, mass …