This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Abstract Hemokinin-1 (HK-1), the newest tachykinin encoded by the Tac4 gene was
discovered in 2000. Its name differs from that of the other members of this peptide family due …

Abstract The neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1R) antagonists are approved as treatment for
chemotherapy‐associated nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. The emerging role of the …

Apelin, the novel identified peptide, is the endogenous ligand for the APJ. Previous studies
have reported the effect of apelin on food intake, however the action of acute central injected …

A large percentage of primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) contain
neuropeptides such as tachykinins or calcitonin gene-related peptide. Neuropeptides …

The effect of apelin-13 on pain modulation at the supraspinal level was investigated in mice
using the tail immersion test. Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of apelin-13 (0.3 …

The Tac4 gene-derived hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is present in pain-related regions and activates
the tachykinin NK1 receptor, but with binding site and signaling pathways different from …

Purpose Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex malignancy characterized by the
clonal expansion of immature myeloid precursors. The standard treatment for newly …

多肽药物具有生物活性高, 药用剂量小, 产业化开发优势明显等诸多优点, 已成为全球关注的创新
药物研发热点之一. 但是其代谢不稳定, 半衰期短及较难通透组织屏障等缺点严重阻碍了多肽 …

Our previous studies have shown that an active fragment of human tachykinins (hHK-1 (4-
11)) produced an opioid-independent analgesia after intracerebroventricular (icv) injection …