C3d is the final degradation product of the third component of complement (C3). When
conjugated to an antigen, C3d enhances immune responses to the fused antigen. Therefore …

Influenza virus is a highly infectious respiratory pathogen that results in severe morbidity and
mortality. The current licensed trivalent vaccine formulations in the US are made from virus …

Complement amplification in blood takes place not only on activating surfaces, but in plasma
as well, where it is maintained primarily by C3b2–IgG complexes. Regular products of C3 …

Background Vaccination is a cost-effective counter-measure to the threat of seasonal or
pandemic outbreaks of influenza. To address the need for improved influenza vaccines and …

Clostridium difficile is a pathogen with increasing severity for which host antibody responses
provide protection from disease. DNA vaccination has several advantages compared to …

Background Currently licensed human vaccines are subtype-specific and do not protect
against pandemic H5N1 viruses. Previously, our group has reported on the construction of …

Studies have shown a potential role for humoral rejection in the evolution of lung graft
dysfunction, apparently based on antibodies without human leukocyte antigen specificity …

Introduction Adjuvants are critical components of vaccines to improve the quality and
durability of immune responses. Molecular adjuvants are a specific subclass of adjuvants …

Abstract Antibodies generated against West Nile virus (WNV) during infection are essential
for controlling dissemination. Recent studies have demonstrated that epitopes in all three …

DNA vaccinations effectively induce both humoral and cellular immune responses to
immunogens from diverse infectious agents. However, DNA vaccines expressing the HIV-1 …