Whether the human fetus and the prenatal intrauterine environment (amniotic fluid and
placenta) are stably colonized by microbial communities in a healthy pregnancy remains a …

Infections in the first year of life are common and often severe. The newborn host
demonstrates both quantitative and qualitative differences to the adult in nearly all aspects of …

The human fetal immune system begins to develop early during gestation; however, factors
responsible for fetal immune-priming remain elusive. We explored potential exposure to …

The gut microbiome has important roles in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial
dysbiosis affects human physiology and health. Maternal immunity and microbial …

The early stages of life are associated with increased susceptibility to infection, which is in
part due to an ineffective immune system. In the context of infection, the immune system …

It is unclear how the immune response in early life becomes appropriately stimulated to
provide protection while also avoiding excessive activation as a result of diverse new …

Although the fetal immune system is considered tolerogenic, preterm infants can suffer from
severe intestinal inflammation, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Here, we …

The blood and immune systems develop in parallel during early prenatal life. Waves of
hematopoiesis separated in anatomical space and time give rise to circulating and tissue …

The developing human fetus generates both tolerogenic and protective immune responses
in response to the unique requirements of gestation. Thus, a successful human pregnancy …

Infants are capable of mounting adaptive immune responses, but their ability to develop long-
lasting immunity is limited. Understanding the particularities of the neonatal adaptive …