Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a unique glomerular lesion that is the most common
cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in nondiabetic white adults. About 80% of cases are …

The complement membrane attack complex (MAC) is classically known as a cytolytic effector
of innate and adaptive immunity that forms pores in the plasma membrane of pathogens or …

Primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) is a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in
adults. In most cases, this autoimmune kidney disease is associated with autoantibodies …

Membranous nephropathy is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome of non-diabetic origin in
adults. It is the second or third leading cause of end-stage renal disease in patients with …

The complement cascade, traditionally considered an effector arm of innate immunity
required for host defense against pathogens, is now recognized as a crucial pathogenic …

Background The complement system is highly activated in primary membranous
nephropathy (MN). Identifying the complement components that damage podocytes has …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are worldwide public health
problems affecting millions of people and have rapidly increased in prevalence in recent …

In patients with membranous nephropathy, alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide or
chlorambucil) alone or in combination with steroids achieve remission of nephrotic …

Antibodies of IgG4 subclass are exceptional players of the immune system, as they are
considered to be immunologically inert and functionally monovalent, and as such may be …

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the major cause of nephrotic syndrome with special
pathological features, caused by the formation of immune complexes in the space between …