Spondylodiscitis, a term encompassing vertebral osteomyelitis, spondylitis and discitis, is the
main manifestation of haematogenous osteomyelitis in patients aged over 50 years …

Propionibacterium acnes is known primarily as a skin commensal. However, it can present
as an opportunistic pathogen via bacterial seeding to cause invasive infections such as …

Purpose Modic type 1 changes/bone edema in the vertebrae are present in 6% of the
general population and 35–40% of the low back pain population. It is strongly associated …

Increasing evidence demonstrates that commensal microorganisms in the human skin
microbiome help fight pathogens and maintain homeostasis of the microbiome. However, it …

Introduction: The incidence of vertebral osteomyelitis is increasing, attributed to an ageing
population with inherent co-morbidities and improved case ascertainment. Sources of data …

Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal flora of
the skin, oral cavity, large intestine, the conjunctiva and the external ear canal. Although …

Surgical site infection (SSI) following spine surgery is a dreaded complication with
significant morbidity and economic burden. SSIs following spine surgery can be superficial …

The bacterial species Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes) is
tightly associated with humans. It is the dominant bacterium in sebaceous regions of the …

Cutibacterium acnes (previously known as Propionibacterium acnes) is frequently found on
lipid-rich parts of the human skin. While C. acnes is most known for its role in the …

Pyogenic spondylodiscitis (PS) is an uncommon but important infection, that represents 3-
5% of all cases of osteomyelitis. The annual incidence in Europe has been estimated to be …