Pain is a fundamental experience that promotes survival. In humans, pain stands at the
intersection of multiple health crises: chronic pain, the opioid epidemic, and health …

Purpose of review Optimal treatment requires a thorough understanding of all factors
contributing to pain in the individual patient. In this review, we investigate the influence of …

Although it is widely recognized that the United States has a severe and broad systemic
racism problem, recent events have dramatically elevated the issue. Widespread protests in …

Treatment outcomes are strongly influenced by expectations, as evidenced by the placebo
effect. Meta-analyses of clinical trials reveal that placebo effects are strongest in pain …

A placebo effect is a positive clinical response to non-specific elements of treatment with a
sham or inert replica of a drug, device, or surgical intervention. There is considerable …

Racial disparities in pain care affecting Black Americans are mirrored by a similar perceptual
bias: perceivers see pain less readily on Black (vs. White) faces. Here, we examine the …

Racial and ethnic disparities are endemic to the United States and are only beginning to
attract the attention of researchers. With an increasingly diverse population, focused and …

The lack of both women and physicians from groups under-represented in medicine (UIM) in
leadership has become a growing concern in healthcare. Despite increasing recognition …

Diversity, equity, and inclusion represent interconnected goals meant to ensure that all
individuals, regardless of their innate identity characteristics, feel welcomed and valued …

We investigate whether increased racial diversity of clinical trial principal investigators could
increase the enrollment of Black patients, which currently lags population and disease …