We summarize and synthesize the results from 73 studies that examine the consequences of
shareholder activism for targeted firms, and draw two primary conclusions. First, activism that …

Shareholder activism has become a dynamic institutional force, and its associated, rapidly
increasing body of scholarly literature affects numerous disciplines within the organization …

Corporate governance (CG) research has largely focused on internal governance
mechanisms (ie the board of directors, controlling owners, and managerial incentives) …

We examine the relation between corporate governance and ownership structure, focusing
on the role of institutional investors. In many countries, institutional investors have become …

Shareholder activism in the Untied States is by no means a new phenomenon. In the early
1900s, American financial institutions such as insurance companies, mutual funds, and …

We study relationships between shareholder proposal activism, managerial response, and
corporate social performance (CSP). We find that shareholder proposal activism reduces …

This paper examines the relationship between CEO incentives and strong and weak
corporate social performance. Using the KLD database we find that incentives have no …

This paper provides evidence on the incidence, characteristics, and performance of activist
engagements across countries. We find that the incidence of activism is greatest with high …

Shareholder activism by institutions is an important aspect of US financial markets. We
provide an overview of shareholder activism by institutional and individual investors …

The widespread practice of earnings management adversely impacts the quality of financial
reports and increases information asymmetries between owners and managers. The present …