One commonly cited benefit to animals that forage in groups is an increase in the probability
of detecting a predator, and a decrease in the time spent in predator detection. A …

A reduction in individual vigilance with an increase in group size is one of the most
frequently reported relationships in the study of animal behaviour. It has been argued that …

Fish travel in schools, birds migrate in flocks, honeybees swarm, and ants build trails. How
and why do these collective behaviors occur? Exploring how coordinated group patterns …

Nature-inspired optimization algorithms, notably evolutionary algorithms (EAs), have been
widely used to solve various scientific and engineering problems because of to their …

By determining the microclimates that an animal experiences, habitats influence an animal's
physiological capacities and ultimately its demographic and ecological performance. As a …

Many grazing animals in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems form dense herds that
maintain the vegetation in their concentration areas at very low statures. Studies of the …

We present a handy mechanistic functional response model that realistically incorporates
handling (ie, attacking and eating) and digesting prey. We briefly review current functional …

A negative relationship between group size and levels of individual vigilance is widespread
in socially feeding vertebrates. The main explanation of this 'group-size effect', the many …

Extensive observations of foraging female lions reveal that two group sizes maximize
foraging success during the season of prey scarcity: one female and five or six females …

In The Black-Tailed Prairie Dog, John L. Hoogland draws on sixteen years of research at
Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, in the United States to provide this account of …