Marine biofouling is a well-known massive problem: within the shortest time, ship hulls and
other man-made submerged surfaces are inevitably populated by various marine …

Biofouling increases drag on marine vessels resulting in higher fuel consumption and can
also facilitate the transport of harmful non-indigenous species (NIS). Antifouling …

Antifouling (AF) biocides are the active ingredients in AF paints that prevent the settlement,
adhesion and growth of organisms to a painted surface. A wide range of chemicals are used …

Organic booster biocides were recently introduced as alternatives to organotin compounds
in antifouling products, after restrictions imposed on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in 1987 …

Boating and shipping operations, their associated activities and supporting infrastructure
present a potential for environmental impacts. Such impacts include physical changes to …

The photocatalytic degradation of selected s-triazine herbicides and organophosphorus
insecticides was carried out in aqueous TiO2 suspensions under simulated solar light. The …

This overview attempts to bring together a widely scattered and disparate literature on
marine natural product antifoulants. In particular, studies that have focused on the screening …

In the yachting sector of the UK antifouling market, organic biocides are commonly added to
antifouling preparations to boost performance. Few data presently exist for concentrations of …

The knowledge of metal ion speciation is essential for predicting the exact toxicities of metal
ion species in the environment. Metal ions can exist in various oxidation states, each of …

Recent reports of contamination of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park by herbicides used in
antifouling paints and in agriculture have caused concern over the possible effects on corals …